Hydrafinil (Fluorenol) is an unregulated research chemical originally synthesized by Cephalon Pharmaceuticals (now owned by Teva) as a eugeroic (wakefulness-promoting agent). After its synthesis, fluorenol was one of several agents to be considered as a hypothetical successor to the popularized and FDA-approved drug, Provigil (Modafinil). Comparative data from animal trials indicated that fluorenol exhibited ~39% …
TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) is a technique utilized to stimulate specific regions of the brain via electromagnetic induction. The regions that receive stimulation typically depend on an individual’s reason for using TMS. For example, individuals using TMS for the treatment of depression may administer electrical pulses to the left prefrontal cortex, while individuals using TMS …
Perhaps you’ve heard of the fictional story “Flowers for Algernon” about a laboratory mouse named Algernon. The mouse undergoes a nootropic-esque surgical procedure that dramatically amplifies his intelligence. The experiment is deemed so successful, that scientists decide to test the procedure in a human character named Charlie Gordon. Prior to the artificial enhancement of Charlie’s …
L-Theanine is a non-essential amino acid derived primarily from the plant Camellia sinensis. It was discovered as a green tea constituent circa 1950, and can also be found within other types of tea including black tea and white tea. The levorotatory “L” (left-handed) enantiomer is more popular than the dextrorotatory “D” enantiomer and better understood. …
L-Theanine is considered an amino acid analogue of both L-glutamate and L-glutamine, and is commonly derived from various species of plants. L-theanine is perhaps best known for being present within green tea, and was scientifically noted as an element of green tea just before the year 1950. In addition to being present in green tea, …
Provigil (Modafinil) is a eugeroic drug that was originally approved in 1998 for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and obstructive sleep apnea. Despite never attaining FDA approval for the treatment of depression, many anecdotal reports highlight the efficacy of Provigil as an antidepressant. The drug tends to …
When most people think of nicotine, they think of smoking cigarettes or other tobacco products. Since tobacco products are linked to various types of cancer (e.g. lung cancer from smoking), many people assume that nicotine is inherently evil. While nicotine is considered one of the most addictive drugs, there isn’t significant evidence supporting the idea …